First Assignment

Definition of test, measurement, assessment, evaluation, formal assessment,  informal assessment, formative assessment and summative assessment.

•The test is a procedure used in the measurement and assessment framework. ( Sudjiono, 2003).

•The test is one of the evaluation procedures are comprehensive, systematic and objectives results can be used as a basic for decision making. ( Djali and Puji Mulyono, 2007).

•Measurement is a process of data collection through empirical observation to gather information relevant to the intended purpose. ( Cangelosi, 1995).

•Mostly,  measurement related by quantitave problem to get information measured. ( Dirman, 2014 ).

•Assessment is the process of collecting information/ evidence through measurement, interpret, describe, and interpret the measurement. ( Permendikbud 2014 ).

•Assessment is a process for making decisions using information obtained through measurement. (Siregar and Nara, 2010).

•According Suharsimi Arikunto (2004) Evaluation is an activity to gather information about the workings of somethingsomething,  which  then the information is used to determine an appropriate alternative in making decisions.

•According Edwin Wandt and Gerald W. Brown (1977) Evaluation refer to the act or process to determiniting the value of something.

•Formal assessments have data which support the conclusions made from the test. We usually refer to these types of tests as standardized measures. These tests have been tried before on students and have statistics which support the conclusion such as the student is reading below average for his age. The data is mathematically computed and summarized. Scores such as percentiles, stanines, or standard scores are mostly commonly given from this type of assessment.

•Informal assessments are not data driven but rather content and performance driven. For example, running records are informal assessments because they indicate how well a student is reading a specific book. Scores such as 10 correct out of 15, percent of words read correctly, and most rubric scores are given from this type of assessment.

•According to Wikipedia Formative assessment is a self-reflective process that intends
to promote student attainment. Cowie and Bell define it as the bidirectional process between teacher and student to enhance, recognize and respond to the learning.

•According to Wikipedia, Summative assessment ( or Summative evaluation) refers to the assessment of the learning and summarizes the development of learners at a particular time.

Reference
Weaver, Brenda. (2015) Formal vs Informal Assessment. Retrieved from
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/formal-vs-informal-assessments/
https://davidwees.com/content/formative-assessment-and-summative-assessment/
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/vinaserevina2/test-measurement-assessment-and-evaluation-dini-ornela